How can electricity be stored with batteries?

Electricity storage systems (ESS) are modelled on energy conversion principles. These systems feature inverters for transforming direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) and vice versa, and transformers for converting the low voltage battery output to the medium or high voltage required by the grid. These infrastructures are connected to a control unit, which is basically a computer that manages the charge and discharge cycles of the batteries according to grid needs. The facility is equipped with a HVAC system and can be used to absorb and store surplus energy from the grid or, conversely, inject power into the grid to offset grid shortages with the stored energy.

The system is also capable of charging and discharging a battery module for storing energy, which is connected to a battery management system, i.e. a computer that optimizes how the battery modules are used. This module is fitted with HVAC and fire suppression systems.

An electricity storage system can be combined with a renewable energy production source to store the surplus green energy.